Mas, afinal , o que é este gnosticismo?
Esta palavra tem aparecido ultimamente por causa do chamado “Evangelho de Judas”, que é de fundo gnóstico; e também por causa do livro “O Código da Vinci”, de Dan Brown (Editora Sextante, 2004), onde o autor diz que se baseou nos evangelhos apócrifos e gnósticos de Maria Madalena, Filipe e Tomé, para fazer as suas afirmação contra a Igreja católica. O gnosticismo está também na base filosófica e religiosa de muitos movimentos e seitas como a Nova Era, o espiritismo, hinduísmo, etc. Mas, afinal , o que é este gnosticismo?
Mas o que é o gnosticismo? Em poucas palavras vamos tentar explicar.
É uma concepção religiosa muito antiga, de antes de Cristo, que veio do Oriente, provavelmente da Pérsia, e que se infiltrou na Igreja gerando uma terrível heresia que foi severamente combatida já pelos Apóstolos São Paulo, São Pedro e São João em suas cartas, e também por Santo Irineu (130-200) no seu famoso livro “Contra os Hereges” (Ed. Paulus, Patrística, Vol. 4, 1995, SP).
O gnosticismo acredita que há como que dois deuses; um deus bom e outro mau; e o mundo teria sido criado pelo deus mau, um deus menor, que eles chamam de demiurgo; este seria o nosso Deus da Bíblia, dai todas as tragédias contadas nela. Para esta crença, as almas dos homens já existiam em um universo de luz e paz (Plenoma); mas houve uma “tragédia” algo como uma revolta e assim esses espíritos foram castigados sendo aprisionados em corpos humanos, como em uma cadeia, pelo deus demiurgo, e que os impede de voltar ao estado inicial. A salvação dessas almas só seria possível mediante a libertação dessa cadeia que é o corpo, que é mau, e isto só seria possível através de um conhecimento (gnose em grego) secreto, junto com práticas mágicas (esotéricas) sobre Deus e a vida, revelados aos “iniciados”, e que dariam condições a eles de se salvarem. Por isso os gnósticos não acreditam na salvação por meio da morte e ressurreição de Jesus Cristo; não acreditam no pecado, nos anjos, nos demônios, e nem no pecado original. Para eles o mal vem da matéria e do corpo humano, que são maus. A Igreja muitas vezes teve que se pronunciar contra isto e muitas vezes relembrou que “tudo o que Deus fez é bom”.
Para o gnosticismo tudo que é material foi criado pelo deus mal e deve ser desprezado; assim, por exemplo, o casamento e tido como mau porque através dele o homem (corpo) se multiplica. São Paulo combateu isto em 1Tm 4, 1ss. Tudo o que é espiritual teria sido criado pelo deus bom.
Segundo ainda o gnosticismo “cristão”, o Deus bom , Supremo, teria enviado ao mundo o seu mensageiro, Jesus Cristo, como redentor (um eon), um Avatar, portador da gnósis, a palavra revelada a alguns escolhidos e que leva à salvação (libertação do corpo). Jesus não teria tido um corpo de verdade, mas apenas um corpo aparente (docetismo); doceta em grego quer dizer aparente. Jesus teria então um corpo ilusório que não teria sido crucificado. S. João combateu isto em suas cartas (cf.1 Jo 18,-23)
O gnosticismo acredita também na reencarnação para a salvação da pessoa; vê-se então, que é radicalmente oposto ao Cristianismo.
Fonte: Felipe Aquino www.cleofas.com.br
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