O amor é a elevação da alma ao divino, e podemos expandir esse fenômeno nos envolvendo com tudo que eleva, como os bons relacionamentos , as artes, a beleza, a natureza o conhecimento.
Segundo o filósofo alma é dividida em três partes que vão constituir a parelha alada: uma dessas partes representará um dos cavalos sendo um animal “belo e bom”, a segunda parte dessa divisão representará o outro cavalo, dessa vez um cavalo de “raça ruim e natureza avessada”, a última parte da alma representa o cocheiro que tem por missão conduzir a carruagem a seu destino.
O cerne do “mito da parelha alada” é a explicação (exposição) da luta interna do ser humano entre tendências boas e más, narra a trajetória do conflito de um cocheiro que tem a missão de conduzir uma carruagem com dois cavalos (alados) sendo um bom (sangue bom) e o outro ruim (sangue ruim), portanto cada um tendia para um caminho, fato esse que dificultava muito a condução do cocheiro, pois os dois cavalos estão em constantes conflitos cada qual buscando objetos que os satisfaçam.
Observando a simbologia deste mito é possível perceber uma relação com a segunda tópica de Freud, que procura explicar o funcionamento do aparelho psíquico por meio do inconsciente, propondo uma divisão em três instâncias deste inconsciente: Ego, Id e Superego.
O Cocheiro
O cocheiro é a alma racional, o corcel que sobe a alma valorosa da coragem, o que puxa o carro para baixo, a alma concupiscente que, pelo prazer, troca a Verdade pela Opinião. Porque o cocheiro se recorda do voo e porque um dos cavalos deseja subir, nem tudo está perdido. O delírio erótico – desejo de filosofia – pode fortalecer o amante – a alma racional – na busca do amado – a Beleza e a Verdade -, auxiliando-a a dominar o cavalo do apetite e dos prazeres para que não impeça o novo voo.
É o Ego – E comandado pelo “princípio da realidade”, essa parte é aquela que mostramos aos outros. Fortalecido pela razão, o ego está “preso” entre os desejos do id (tentando encontrar um jeito adequado de realizá-los) e as regras ditadas pelo superego.
O cavalo bom
Representa a coragem e se aloja no coração, “que não sabe, mas que quer, com toda a força de seu entusiasmo e de sua generosidade, conduz a alma em direção ao que é bom e ao que é belo” – Alma passional. É o Superego – também chamado de “ideal do ego”, tem a função de conter os impulsos do id. Suas regras sociais e morais não nascem com a gente: nós a aprendemos na sociedade para que possamos conviver nela corretamente.
Cavalo mal
Representa nossa parte sensível, nossa sensualidade e se aloja em nosso ventre, o diafragma, e “submete a alma ao bem do corpo, a alma apetitiva
é o Id – a ânsia selvagem pelo “precioso” anel é um bom símbolo para essa parte da nossa psique, responsável pelos nossos impulsos mais primitivos: as paixões, a libido, a agressividade “… O id (“ isso” em alemão) está conosco desde que nascemos e é norteado pelo “princípio do prazer”, mas seus desejos são frequentemente reprimidos.
A Parelha Alada
A alma é como uma força ativa na qual se reúnem naturalmente uma parelha de cavalos alados e um cocheiro. Ser alado significa ter em si mesmo o princípio do movimento, isto é, da vida e por isso, alada, psykhé é imortal, pois é vida e causa de vida.
Ser alado é participar da natureza imortal do divino, e a Natureza dotou as asas do poder de elevar o que é pesado rumo às alturas, onde habita o divino, que “é belo, sábio e bom”, alimentando, desenvolvendo e fortalecendo os alados.
Por isso a alma é atraída pelo delírio erótico: deseja alçar-se às alturas da verdade, porque somente ali encontra alimento para suas asas. Nas almas divinas, ambos os cavalos são dóceis, não oferecendo qualquer trabalho ao condutor.
Entretanto, os cavalos alados das almas humanas são de natureza radicalmente diversa, sendo um dócil, obediente ao cocheiro e o outro rebelde e que sempre puxando o carro para baixo, dificulta a visualização das ideias na planície elevada da verdade.
O mais importante nessa imagem é pontuar a natureza desassossegada da existência humana. Tal natureza nunca termina de ser difícil de conduzir, cabendo ao cocheiro esforço e empenho.
O filósofo recorre a esse mito para explicar o caminho que uma alma percorre até atingir um grau de elevação superior contemplando a verdade e desvencilhando-se das coisas terrestres.
Para isso tem de chegar até a abóbada celeste onde ocorre um banquete, simbolizando as delícias que uma alma gozaria chegando ao final de seu percurso. Parelha alada seria uma espécie de carruagem puxada por dois cavalos (este é o ponto crucial das decisões humanas).
A luta da parelha força o cocheiro a olhar os cavalos e não a região celeste onde habitam a Beleza e a Verdade. A parelha se machuca, o cocheiro tem as mãos feridas pelas rédeas que puxam em direções contrárias, carros alados chocam-se com outros e as asas vão perdendo a força, caindo, até que o carro, pesado, caia sobre a terra, deixando no cocheiro apenas a nostalgia e a saudade do voo, a vaga lembrança do que vira e o desejo insaciável de retornar aos céus.
“A alma que evoluiu para a forma humana já contemplou o ser verdadeiro, que é divino. Ao ver a beleza nesse mundo, recorda-se da beleza verdadeira, recebe asas e deseja voar para o alto”.
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